docs(arch): ADR-0036 — scan uploads with ClamAV in the domain, fail closed (refs #191, refs #190)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

docs/architecture/adr-0036-scan-uploads-with-clamav.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# ADR-0036: Uploaded documents are scanned by ClamAV in the Domain Service, fail closed
+
+- **Status:** Accepted
+- **Date:** 2026-10-02
+- **Deciders:** Respellion engineering
+- **Slice:** proposed in [#190](https://git.labs.respellion.tech/eho/register-referentie/issues/190);
+  clamd deployed in [#191](https://git.labs.respellion.tech/eho/register-referentie/issues/191) (S-28),
+  scanning wired in [#192](https://git.labs.respellion.tech/eho/register-referentie/issues/192) (S-29).
+
+## Context
+
+A zorgprofessional's diploma upload goes portal → BFF → Domain (`ProvideDocuments`) →
+ACL → OpenZaak. Nothing on that path looks at the file. It is not checked for malware,
+and nobody checks that it is a PDF. Behandelaars open these files later, so the
+register stores, and then serves, whatever a citizen sends.
+
+Scanning needs a signature engine that stays up to date. That means a new peer service,
+and that makes it an ADR (CLAUDE.md §14).
+
+## Decision
+
+1. **Engine:** the ClamAV daemon (`clamd`), official image `clamav/clamav`, pinned tag,
+   as its own service in compose and in the Helm chart. `freshclam` in the same container
+   keeps the signatures current, and they live on a volume.
+2. **Where the check lives:** in the **Domain Service**, behind an `IDocumentScanner` port
+   in `Big.Application`. "Only a clean PDF is stored and unblocks beoordeling" is a rule
+   of the provide-documents use case. The BFF is a thin proxy (§8.3), and the ACL
+   translates ZGW and nothing else (§8.1). A check in the domain also covers every
+   entry point, not just the portal.
+3. **Protocol:** the adapter in `Big.Infrastructure` speaks clamd's INSTREAM protocol over
+   `TcpClient`: `zINSTREAM\0`, length-prefixed chunks, a zero-length terminator, then a
+   `stream: OK` or `stream: <name> FOUND` reply. That is a few lines of code, so we add
+   **no NuGet package** for it (nClam and similar).
+4. **Fail closed:** if clamd can't be reached, the upload is refused (503). Nothing is
+   stored and the document wait stays open. We never store an unscanned file.
+5. **Type check:** content must start with `%PDF-`. This refuses a renamed executable
+   before the scan, and it costs nothing.
+
+## Consequences
+
+- One more long-running service. clamd holds its signatures in memory (about 1 GB idle).
+  `ConcurrentDatabaseReload no` stops a signature reload from holding a second copy,
+  but clamd pauses scans for the few seconds a reload takes. Compose caps it at
+  `mem_limit: 2g`, and the chart requests 1200Mi. This counts against the verify-stack
+  runner's memory ceiling (#182).
+- The first start downloads about 300 MB of signatures from the ClamAV CDN, so the
+  runner and the cluster node need outbound internet (as `seed-zaaktype` already does).
+  The CDN rate-limits by IP. A CI runner that starts fresh often can get throttled, and
+  then the health check doesn't go green. If that happens, mirror the signatures
+  (`cvdupdate`) rather than retrying.
+- Tests use the EICAR test string, built from two halves so the repo itself does not trip
+  an on-access scanner. No real malware is ever committed.
+- Infected or non-PDF uploads are refused with 422 and a business message. We don't keep
+  a quarantine copy: a refused file is simply not stored.

docs/runbooks/kubernetes-talos.md

@@ -356,6 +356,7 @@ immutable, so `helm upgrade` is rejected with `cannot patch "…" with kind Job`
 | Login redirects but the portal stays logged out, or the BFF answers 401 | `TALOS_HOST` doesn't match the address in the browser's URL bar — issuer mismatch. Re-run `make k8s-up` with the right value |
 | A portal returns 502 on `/self-service/…` | the BFF is unreachable from the portal pod: check `kubectl -n big get svc bff` and the BFF's own readiness |
 | Public register empty after a submit | usually a wiped `emptyDir` database (§6): `make k8s-reseed`. Confirm with `kubectl -n big logs deploy/event-subscriber \| grep 42P01` |
+| `clamav` not Ready for minutes | first start downloads ~300 MB of signatures, which needs outbound internet. A `429`/`cool-down` in `kubectl -n big logs deploy/clamav` means the ClamAV CDN is throttling this IP (ADR-0036) |
 | `helm upgrade` fails with `cannot patch … with kind Job` | see §7 — use `make k8s-reseed` |
 | Pods `Evicted` / `OOMKilled` | the VM is too small (§0) |
 | A Job shows `BackoffLimitExceeded` | read it: `kubectl -n big logs job/<name>` |